Serotonin modulation of metabolism and stress response inPseudomonas fluorescens
Abstract
Background
Pseudomonas fluorescensis a gram-negative bacterium with a remarkable metabolic and physiological versatility that enables it to adapt and colonize diverse ecological niches, including the human small intestine. While serotonin is primarily found in high concentrations in gut tissue, its levels in the lumen can be elevated in conditions such as celiac disease, whereP. fluorescensis also found in increased abundance. The potential effects of serotonin onP. fluorescensin such contexts remain unclear.
Results
We demonstrate thatP. fluorescensmetabolizes serotonin primarily into 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) and, to a lesser extent, into 5-hydroxytryptophol and N-acetylserotonin. Gene expression analysis revealed significant changes in oxidative stress-related pathways over time, and proteomic analysis confirmed the shifts seen particularly in amino acid catabolic pathways. Serotonin metabolism also enhanced bacterial resistance to oxidative stress, suggesting a protective role.
Conclusions
The findings reveal a novel mechanism by which serotonin modulates the metabolism and stress responses ofP. fluorescens. This study provides insight into howP. fluorescensadapts to serotonin-rich environments, such as in celiac disease, and may inform future research on microbial interactions with host-derived metabolites in disease contexts.
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