Probing site-specific RNA dynamics by solid-state NMR spectroscopy

Knowledge of site-specific dynamics of biomolecules is necessary to understand their specific functions. Solid-state NMR is a uniquely powerful technique that can provide both structural and motional information about complex biomolecules. In recent years, nucleic acids have become increasingly studied by ssNMR, but as yet few RNA or DNA structures are available, with ssNMR-derived dynamics data on RNA rarer still. Here, we report the first systematic ssNMR study of ¹⁵N T ₁ relaxation in RNA using straightforward nucleotide-type-specific and uniform labeling schemes. We observe clear correlation of the measured ¹⁵N T ₁ relaxation time-constants with different structural elements in the RNA molecule, reflecting the distinct characteristics of their underlying motions. We anticipate that this novel approach can be further developed to provide a detailed and comprehensive picture of RNA dynamics in large biomolecular machines.