A Literature-Based Comparative Analysis of the Antibacterial Effects of Garlic (<em>Allium sativum</em>), Ginger (<em>Zingiber officinale</em>), and Clove (<em>Syzygium aromaticum</em>) on<em> E. coli ,S.</em> aureus ,and <em>P. aeruginosa</em>

Background: The rising threat of antibiotic resistance has intensified the search for natural antimicrobial agents. Among these, plant-based compounds have shown promising potential in controlling pathogenic bacteria. Garlic (Allium sativum), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), and Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) are widely studied for their antimicrobial activities. Objective: This study aims to compare the reported antibacterial activities of the extracts of Garlic, Ginger, and Clove against three clinically relevant bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, based solely on existing scientific literature. Methods: This is a literature-based analytical review. No experimental or laboratory procedures were performed. All data and interpretations are derived from previously published peer-reviewed articles and academic sources. The antibacterial activity, including inhibition zones, MIC values, and effects on biofilm formation, were collected and compared across selected studies. Results: According to the literature, Garlic exhibits significant antibacterial activity, particularly against S. aureus and E. coli, and demonstrates the ability to disrupt biofilms. Ginger shows moderate to strong effects on E. coli and S. aureus, with variable results against P. aeruginosa. Clove extract is noted for its potent inhibitory effects on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, especially E. coli. The strength of activity varied depending on extraction methods and bacterial strain. Conclusion: The comparative literature analysis suggests that all three plant extracts possess notable antibacterial properties, with Garlic and Clove showing relatively higher efficacy across the selected strains. These findings support further exploration of plant-based antimicrobials, although direct experimental validation remains essential. (Note: This literature review was conducted using AI-assisted tools to synthesize and analyze existing published data.)