Subjective Perceptions of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Menopausal Women Residing in Korea: A Q Methodological Study Focused on Korean, Chinese, and Filipino Women

Background: This study aimed to explore the subjective perceptions of cardiovascular disease risk among menopausal women residing in Korea. Methods: Based on data collected in November 2024, the Q methodology was employed to analyze individual subjectivities. Thirty-five Q-statements were finalized, and 40 participants completed the Q-sorting using a 9-point scale. The participants, comprising menopausal women from Korea, China, and the Philippines, represented diverse perceptions of cardiovascular disease risk across these national groups. The collected data were analyzed using the PC-QUANL program. Results: As a result, four distinct types representing the subjective perceptions of cardiovascular disease risk among menopausal women were identified. These types varied by nationality, providing insights into the differences in how women from Korea, China, and the Philippines perceive cardiovascular disease risk. Conclusions: The findings of this study offer foundational data for the development of tailored educational programs aimed at preventing cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, the results underscore the importance of policy development that takes into account cultural and social differences in health perceptions across countries.