Gut microorganisms among Chinese School-Age Children in Two Different Areas in North and South China: A Cross-Sectional Study

To investigate the variations in the structure and function of gut microorganisms school-age children from different regions in north and south of China, 88 school-age children among 3-7 years was recruited and studied by deep metagenomic sequencing in our study. Alpha diversity analysis showed that samples from Southern China school-age children groups (S groups) had lower microbiota diversity than samples from Northern China-school age （N groups）(P < 0.001).The PCoA plots generated by the Bray–Curtis (BC) dissimilarity metrics showed distinct clustering of samples a separation from different groups (P<0.001).Taxonomic analysis illustrated that the abundance of Firmicutes in N groups was significantly higher than that in S groups(p<0.001) and the proteobacteria in the S groups was found to be significantly higher than the N groups(p<0.001).Our study suggest Escherichia-Shigella and Faecalibacterium serve as a promising diagnostic biomarker for Chinese School-age Children in Two Different Areas in North and South China. Furthermore, we observe that the gut microbiota of school age children in China southern and northern have a large difference in EC,KEGG Pathways, gut metabolic modules (GMM) and gut-brain modules(GBM)(p＜0.05).The Region factor is one of the main influencing factors of Gut microorganisms of school age children in China southern and northern.