Alone Time in the Golden Age: Planning for Solitude in Retirement

Background: Retirement marks a significant life transition, often accompanied by the loss of structured work routines and an increase in alone time. How this solitude is experienced—positively or negatively—varies depending on individual and environmental factors. Methods: This study interviewed 8 pre-retirees and 15 retirees (N = 23) using semi-structured individual and focus group interviews. Guided by the Theory of Planned Behaviour framework, we asked participants to reflect on their retirement transition, attitudes toward solitude, social influences on their alone time, and their perceived control over managing solitude during retirement. Results: Thematic analysis revealed key themes, including shifts in identity, balancing social connection and alone time, and the role of autonomy and financial stability in shaping solitude experiences. While some participants embraced solitude as an opportunity for personal growth and well-being, others faced challenges such as boredom and social isolation. Conclusions: Findings suggest that achieving a balance between alone time and social engagement is critical to fostering positive experiences of solitude in retirement.