Retirement Without Formal Security: How India’s Unorganized Workers Plan for Old Age

India’s economy is predominantly informal with more than 90 percent of workers working in the informal sector and they contribute more than sixty percent of its total GDP. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the concept of retirement; strategies followed for preparing for old age and anticipated duration of their work through the lens of informal sector workers. This is to ensure the development of effective policies for the ageing informal work force. Using a purposive sampling, in-depth interviews with 63 participants revealed three key themes: adaptive retirement mindset; participation enablers and motivational drivers. Sentiment analysis was also carried out to highlight the attitude towards retirement planning. Findings showed that, a small number of participants had planned for their old age, while majority thought of continuing to work as long as their health permitted. Stable income played a key role in motivating them to save for old age. Most expected filial support for old age. Sentiment analysis showed that 59.4 percent reflected generally positive feelings toward retirement. This viewpoint suggested a realistic outlook towards old age. Although participants recognized the uncertainties of old age, they still expressed confidence in their ability to adapt and cope with the challenges. The study shows that for informal workers; retirement isn’t just about finance. It is also linked to their culture, emotions, and daily life struggles. So, the government should make flexible pension schemes with health benefits to help them stay financially stable and live better in old age.