Geopolitical Significance of the Mountains in Kurdistan; Boundaries, Conflict and Autonomy

The geopolitical importance of mountains in Kurdistan has been pivotal in shaping the region's history, culture, and political dynamics. Occupying a vast territory divided among Iraq, Iran, Turkey, and Syria, Kurdistan's unique mountainous geography has historically provided natural protection, fostering resilience among its people. These mountains serve as natural boundaries, strategic strongholds, and cultural bridges, uniting Kurds despite artificial political divisions. This paper explores the multifaceted role of Kurdistan's mountains, emphasizing their influence on autonomy, resistance, and cross-border connectivity. Additionally, the article highlights how these terrains have facilitated guerrilla warfare, preserved Kurdish identity, and served as sanctuaries during political upheavals. By analyzing the historical, cultural, and strategic significance of these mountains, this study underscores their centrality in Kurdish geopolitics.